@article {307,
	title = {Particle shape dependence in 2D granular media},
	journal = {EPL (Europhysics Letters)},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Apr-20-2012},
	pages = {Article Number: 44008},
	abstract = {<p>Particle shape is a key to the space-filling and strength properties of granular matter. We consider a shape parameter</p>

<p><nobr>\&eta;</nobr> describing the degree of distortion from a perfectly spherical shape. Encompassing most specific shape characteristics such as elongation, angularity and non-convexity, <nobr>\&eta;</nobr> is a low-order but generic parameter that we used in a numerical benchmark test for a systematic investigation of shape dependence in sheared granular packings composed of particles of different shapes. We find that the shear strength is an increasing function of <nobr>\&eta;</nobr> with nearly the same trend for all shapes, the differences appearing thus to be of second order compared to <nobr>\&eta;</nobr>. We also observe a non-trivial behavior of packing fraction which, for all our simulated shapes, increases with <nobr>\&eta;</nobr> from the random close packing fraction for disks, reaches a peak considerably higher than that for disks, and subsequently declines as <nobr>\&eta;</nobr> is further increased. These findings suggest that a low-order description of particle shape accounts for the principal trends of packing fraction and shear strength. Hence, the effect of second-order shape parameters may be investigated by considering different shapes at the same level of <nobr>\&eta;</nobr>.</p>
},
	issn = {0295-5075},
	doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/98/44008},
	author = {Baptiste Saint-Cyr and Krzysztof Szarf and Charles Voivret and Emilien Az{\'e}ma and Vincent Richefeu and Jean-Yves Delenne and Gael Combe and C{\'e}cile Nouguier-Lehon and Pascal Villard and Philippe Sornay and Marie Chaze and Farhang Radja{\"\i}}
}
