Building on work by J. Meixner [Z. Naturforschung 3a, 506 (1948)], we show how to compute the exact scattering amplitude (or $T$-matrix) for electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly conducting disk. This calculation is a rare example of a nondiagonal $T$-matrix that can nonetheless be obtained in a semianalytic form. We then use this result to compute the electromagnetic Casimir interaction energy for a disk opposite a plane, for arbitrary orientation angle of the disk, for separations greater than the disk radius. We find that the proximity force approximation (PFA) significantly overestimates the Casimir energy, in the case of both the ordinary PFA, which applies when the disk is parallel to the plane, and the “edge PFA”, which applies when the disk is perpendicular to the plane.